The movements of the Planets

I mostly focused the dummy universe model on all precession cycles. The movements of the most important solar system bodies are however added in the model. So far, it seems to be more or less in concordance with all recorded planetary ephemerides, Mars oppositions, the transits of Venus and Mercury across the Sun's disk, Jupiter-Saturn conjunctions, most other periodic interplanetary alignments and all solar and lunar eclipses. The model however also can be refined further. I have added an Excel with all background data which will help in constructing the geo-heliocentric model of our universe. Feel free to improve them!

As mentioned in the preface, one of the most fundamental laws in nature, is the existence of the Golden Spiral pattern. You can see this pattern in big objects like the formation of a galaxy and in small objects like the design of a sunflower. Why would our solar system be anything different?

Aphelion and Perihelion of planets

To take you along the path I travelled how I came to this conclusion, we will start with a picture that shows the Longitude of perihelion (which technically is the Longitude of the ascending node + the argument of periapsis) placed in a circle with dates of aphelion (as a snapshot date on date 21 June 2000 12:00 UTC, the start of the 3d dummy universe model). All data is coming directly from NASA (opens in a new tab), with the exception of the exact data calculated for the position of the HELION POINT.

What is really nice - and for which I could not find any reference it has ever been done before - now we have the degrees, we can add dates to them:

The picture shows the exact date for the planets to reach it’s aphelion position. With these dates we can determine the DIRECTION of the location of the barycenter.

So e.g. Mars perihelion is 27th of August 04:59 UTC and aphelion is 25th of February 19:53 UTC. This does not mean that each year Mars is closest to Earth on 27th of August but it means, the theoretically closest Mars could come to Earth is on this date. So e.g. in year 2003 AD Mars has one of the closest approaches. See for instance here (opens in a new tab)

NOTE: As mentioned above the data is coming directly from NASA for all planets, with the exception of the exact data calculated for the position of the HELION POINT. The calculations in the Excel are more exact which shows as the calculated Sun’s aphelion date to be 08:08 UTC on the 4th of July instead of a rough estimates.

NOTE: Mercury is shown on paper to reach aphelion around 8th of June, but in the Excel sheet and 3D dummy universe model the date needs to be around 21 June. Else the perihelion/aphelion dates do not match with the observations. Mercury is the only planet where this is different. To be honest, I do not know why (yet).

NOTE: The mentioned dates and time are not the same every year. The Sun orbits around Earth in ~365.25 years, so only once every 4 years it is best aligned. The dates match best in years 2003 AD, 2007 AD, 2011 AD, etc.

By studying the provided NASA values and knowing the location direction of the barycenters, we can calculate the EXACT LOCATION of the barycenters. In the Excel you can find all background data how that is done.

The below picture shows the EXACT LOCATION of all planet barycenters with the dots plotted. These dots are (off course) also in the 3D dummy universe model:

To see the barycenters in the 3D dummy universe model for yourself:

• Go to the 3D model (link in right top corner)
• Open “Settings”
• Open “Objects show/hide””
• Select ALL planets “barycenter location” (so e.g. “Mercury barycenter location”

Please note: This setting shows the barycenters of all planets, as if HELION POINT is the center of movement. This is not correct. The Sun itself is the center of all planets movements. The reason why I created this view is because you can visualize the movement of these barycenters across time:

• Select the option “1 second equals” “1000 years”
• Press “Run”

And see the planet barycenters turn the same as the Earth Precession Orbit (EPO). THE GOLDEN SPIRAL IS SPIRALING!

Ascending and Descending nodes of planets

This website (opens in a new tab) helped me to explain the way the ascending & descending nodes need to be looked at.

I also created some pictures which show the location of the barycenters and where the ascending and descending nodes are located.

The Ascending and Descending nodes are added in the code with formula’s based upon the “Orbital Inclination” and the “Longitude of ascending node” values as provided by NASA (See excel).

How are these planet settings calculated?

What is different in this 3d dummy universe model compared to the Tychos 3d model as created by Simon Shack/ Patrik Holmqvist, are the following three important principles:

• The calculations are connected to scientific data (e.g. the ascending/ descending nodes)

• The location of the barycenter is calculated clearly. You cannot cheat by adding calculation onto calculation.

• The orbits are calculated according to Kepler’s 3rd law (so NOT according to the 1st and 2nd law, only 3rd)

  ”Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion: The square of the period of a planet's orbit around the sun is proportional to the cube of the size of its orbit”

In contrary to the heliocentric model, only the Kepler’s 3rd law is applicable in the dummy universe model. There is no need for the other two Kepler laws.

So although the current heliocentric model sees some connection between the time of the orbit and the size of the orbit according to the Kepler’s 3rd law, in the dummy universe model this is a DIRECT CONNECTION.

In the code, which is available on Codepen, you determine the order of all the calculations. This is an example for Jupiter:

”barycenterSun.pivotObj.add(jupiterBarycenter.containerObj);”

”jupiterBarycenter.pivotObj.add(jupiterEllipse.containerObj);”

”jupiterEllipse.pivotObj.add(jupiter.containerObj);”

The way the planet positions are calculated in the 3d dummy universe model works like this:

• All calculations start at the location of the HELION POINT ”= barycenterSun in the code”. The SOC is the base of the Sun and all planet calculations. As mentioned before the SOC is moving across time.
• From the SOC, the planet his barycenter location is set ”= jupiterBarycenter in the code”
• From the planet barycenter you go to one mean distance to the Sun (+100 in the model) ”= jupiterEllipse in the code”
• The orbital parameters are added + the ascending and descending nodes numbers are set ”= jupiter in the code”

In the Excel you can find all input (yellow or amber cells) and output numbers. The most important ones being:

MERCURY

305,760 / 1,269,504 = 87.96857985 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 1,269,504 – 13 = 87.96948068 days (orbit period Sidereal)

Mercury is fully in line with the transit data by NASA.

NOTE: Mercury is shown on paper to reach aphelion around 8th of June, but in the Excel sheet and 3D dummy universe model the date needs to be around 21 June. Else the perihelion/aphelion dates do not match with the observations. Mercury is the only planet where this is different. To be honest, I do not know why (yet).

Input: Mercury transit data (opens in a new tab)

VENUS

305,760 / 497,013 = 224.6952575 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 497,013 – 13 = 224.7011348 days (orbit period Sidereal)

Venus is fully in line with the transit data by NASA.

Input: Venus transit data (opens in a new tab)

MARS

305,760 / 162,571 = 686.9396387 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 162,571 – 13 = 686.9945742 days (orbit period Sidereal)

Mars is fully in line with the opposition data as provided in the below mentioned input sources.

Here’s the observed sequence of Mars-Deneb Algedi conjunctions - between the years 2005 and 2020 (i.e. a 15-year Martian cycle):

An interesting consequence of the eccentricity of the orbit of Mars is that when Mars comes closest to Earth (every 779.9234857 days) its distance from us can vary significantly. As a result, its angular size at closest approach will vary significantly and so determine the amount of surface detail that we can see from Earth.

Mars is closest to us when it is on the opposite side of the sky to the Sun. Mars will be seen with the smallest angular size at opposition when Mars is furthest from the Sun (at aphelion) and the Earth is closest from the Sun (at perihelion).

NOTE: Mars and 433 Eros are the only two bodies currently configured that can come on both sides of Earth. They both have an extra orbit, within it’s orbit around the Sun to be in line with it’s observed location. This is effectively causing a real elliptical orbit.

Input: Mars opposition data1 (opens in a new tab)
Input: Mars opposition data2 (opens in a new tab)
Input: Long term MARS positioning (opens in a new tab)

JUPITER

305,760 / 25,788 = 4330.55933 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 25,788 – 13 = 4332.743511 days (orbit period Sidereal)

Jupiter and Saturn are ”mostly” in line with the alignment data as provided in the below mentioned input sources. I mention here ”mostly” because the sources I found are sometimes conflicting each other and have alignments that simply can’t be there. They are most probably based upon some model which we cannot verify for correctness. Additionally the formula’s for these calculations can never be exact. They are all based on rough estimations.

In the Excel TAB ”Chapter 9 Planets start” I have added the Saturn/ Jupiter alignments that I could find in Stellarium and the data in the 3D dummy universe model (check it for yourself).

NOTE: These are values on that particular day at 12:00 in the afternoon UTC. Around this date and time the alignment actually takes place (and there is always a certain gap; they are never 100% aligned simply because the orbits are not the same). I did not include the declination, but that matches more or less as well.

In the same mentioned Excel TAB, there are also alignments as presented in the famous book ”Astronomical Algorithms” by J. Meeus. The dummy universe model is fully in line with these calculations as well.

NOTE: If something in the heliocentric model doesn’t fit completely they just call it perturbation (opens in a new tab)☺

Input: Jupiter-Saturn data (opens in a new tab)
Input: Jupiter-Saturn data (opens in a new tab)
Input: Jupiter-Neptune data (opens in a new tab)

SATURN

305,760 / 10,393 = 10745.35399 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 10,393 – 13 = 10758.81156 days (orbit period Sidereal)

Jupiter and Saturn are ”mostly” in line with the alignment data as provided in the below mentioned input sources.

Input: Jupiter-Saturn data (opens in a new tab)
Input: Jupiter-Saturn data (opens in a new tab)

URANUS

305,760 / 3,652 = 30579.5356 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 3,652 – 13 = 30688.77824 days (orbit period Sidereal)

NEPTUNE

305,760 / 1,868 = 59783.9743 days (orbit period Solar)
305,760 / 1,868 – 13 = 60202.94555 days (orbit period Sidereal)

Input: Jupiter-Neptune data (opens in a new tab)

Input: other data (opens in a new tab)

OTHER SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES

The orbit of asteroid 433 Eros (opens in a new tab) has been added as well. I couldn’t find historic records so for now it set as 305,760 / 173,630. That could be refined further by adding/ distracting one or two numbers (in cell AJ4) in the “Chapter 3-4-5-6-7-8-9”.excel TAB.

The basics for Pluto and 1P/Halley a.k.a. Halley’s Comet (opens in a new tab) are added as well but need further detailing to be correct. I didn’t just want to add random orbital numbers but it needs to be based on scientific input data (e.g. eccentricity numbers).

Recommendation before continuing

Before we add all other bodies I think we first need to agree on the correctness of all calculation formula’s and how they are added in the Tychosium configuration.

In my view there are 3 type or orbits we need to add in the model, and for which there are different formula’s:

1. Solar system Bodies between the Sun and Earth with a Synodic period smaller than a year (e.g. Mercury, Venus, etc)
2. Solar system Bodies that can go around Earth with a Synodic period greater than a year (e.g. Mars, 433 Eros, etc)
3. Solar system Bodies that do not go around Earth with a Synodic period smaller than a year (e.g. Jupiter, Neptune, etc.)

I am calling the community to step in and bring the model further.

It is very hard to elaborate on all individual settings in the 3d dummy universe model on paper. There are too many connections that take a lot of time to explain fully. It is best to just have a look at the setting in the 3d dummy universe model, and look in the excel how and why this setting is set as it is. You can study the model for yourself.

For all planet characteristics, see Excel sheet “Dummy_Universe_Model.xls” TAB “Chapter 3-4-5-6-7-8-9”. & all “Chapter 9” planet TABs.